Thomas Aquinas has surveyed the concept of beauty in different sections of his books. He implied these points in various parts and not in a book with a dedicated section. Although he has adapted most of his views on beauty from his ancestors, he has paraphrased them by his own method along with his view on being and cognition. The concept of beauty in Aquinas' s opinion is expressed on two bases which are transcendental and sensible beauties. Definition of beauty and its features, perception problem and aesthetics experience, the relation between beauty and transcendental qualities especially the ratio of beauty and goodness, are the main elements of Aquinas' s theory of beauty. In this article, in addition to enumerating main elements of beauty from the viewpoint of Aquinas, it will be presented that although his philosophical language has an Aristotelian basis, it enjoys some Platonic views. In addition, we will discuss that St.Thomas's Christian beliefs have influenced his theory of beauty.

According to the common view, as we know, knowledge, in the entire history of western epistemology, was defined as the justified true belief that the judgment is one of its constituents. In this essay, however, considering some philosophical writings of Descartes and John Lock, we will show that this is not a correct view. Then, we will illustrate that it was only after Emanuel Kant that the connection between knowledge and judgment has been occurred. We also emphasize that in spite of the fact that in many cases, especially in the sciences realm, propositional knowledge is the only type of knowledge that can be accepted, there are many cases that propositional knowledge is not efficacy.

The first conceptions of intellect are a beign and an essence; we must begin exploring how they are related to each other. Everything that receives something from another is potential with regard to what it receives and what is receives in it is the actuality. Thus St. Thomas returns to the doctrine of potency and act of being to explain the relation of a being and an essence by developing in their meaning to be no longer confined to the concept of motion St. Thomas is doubtful between equivocal meaning of being and univocal meaning of it and therefore he uses the term analogy. This article tries to criticize doctrine of existentialism of St. Thomas.

Reformed epistemology as a new school in philosophy of religion, particularly in religious epistemology which criticizing classic and modern foundationalism on the criterion of rationality of religious beliefs claims that belief in God can be intelligible regardless to be successful or unsuccesful of evidence or arguments for the existence of God. It is claimed that reformed epistemologists have been significantly influenced by eighteen`s century Scottish philosopher Thomas REID (1710-1796). The purpose of this paper is to assess this claim by considering the foundations of reformed epistemology according to Plantinga, Wolterstorff, Alston and REID`s writings as well as writings about REID from one side, and analyzing and comparing them on the other side. The conclusion is that reformed epistemology has been influenced by REID in it`s foundations of general epistemology, but according to the religious epistemology, one can not attribute easily the main claim of this school, that is, basicality of belief in God, to REID.

Some catholic theologians have considered the concept of faith as a form of knowledge, having, in other words, a propositional nature, but some others have regarded it as something beyond knowledge and non-propositional. Augustine as an advocate of non-propositional faith has taken faith to be a kind of knowledge in the early period of his intellectual life, and hence considered faith and understanding as correlative concepts. But he finally gave up conceptual cognition and regarded faith as something intrinsic based on divine grace and endowment. Thomas Aquinas, however, supporting propositional faith, regards faith as knowledge, but his approach to faith is not only philosophical; rather he also relies on some non-epistemic elements like hope, kindness, and the notion that faith has to be bestowed [by God].

Purpose: The present work aimed to find out if the concept of paradigm in TOMAS Kuhn’s Philosophy has any equivalents in the area of Library and Information Science (LIS).Methodology: After a comprehensive study of the book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions", especially the concept of paradigm in it, the LIS related theories are critically investigated and recommendations on the necessity of having a paradigmatic attitude towards this area are offered.Findings: Kuhn considers paradigm as the main axis of consensus in a scientific society. Then one could not mix the meaning of paradigm with such words of "school", "approach", "theory", "pre-understanding", and alike. The presence of "conflicting intellectual schools" in a scientific area could not be taken as equal to "the existence of different paradigm", because by the Kuhn, the conflicting paradigms belong to the pre-paradigmatic situation. Accordingly, many of the theories given about the concept of paradigm in the area of LIS have gone far away from what Kuhn meant of it. Also, the debates on the meaning of LIS suffer from this fact that they have overlooked the consensus making feature of paradigm and lacking of it in LIS.Originality/Value: The value of this research is in helping to deepening in the fundamentals of LIS and especially the concept of paradigm with the regard to the LIS related problems.

This study identify effective factors on housing price at urban regions of Hamedan Province. Between different models, Hedonic Model was used. In traditional model of hedonic price, structural characteristics of dwelling unit and also environmental and neighborhood characteristics for estimating of house price is spotted. Model of this study is REID suggested model. This model also considers owners and buyers characteristics of dwelling units.On the basis of determination coefficient REID Model is better in comparison with traditional hedonic model. REID Model is estimated for owners and tenants separately. Results of this study shows that quality of housing services such as land area, number of rooms, kinds of skeleton (metal or brick), annual fixes, package and lift are effective and significant. Demographic variables such as age, sex, level of education and marriage position of owners are important too.

There are always input and output of Thoughts and beliefs among scientists that they include similarities and differences. The argument under consideration on the Islamic theology and in the Christianity is the sight of God that the commentators of the two books Quran and gospel expressed their opinions on it. Mohammad Gazeli’s and TOMAS’s viewpoint investigated in this study. It is criticized the similarities and dissimilarities between them.The results of this study strengthen the discussion of the religions in the Epistemology domain. The similarities of Ghazali and TOMAS’s viewpoints are: 1. They both believe in narration and wisdom in their discussion.2. Both of them believe in the role of Gnosticism in Epistemology comprehension of religion. The mentioned examples and clarification on each subject in the text are to the readers familiar more fluently with the viewpoints.

Background: Performing both ultrasound and DMSA renal scan in young children with UTI, given our local set-up, is neither realistic nor practical. DMSA is considered the gold standard in detecting renal scarring. Ultrasound's non-nvasive nature and its lack of ionizing radiation are advantages of this method. However, the sensitivity of ultrasound in detecting renal cortical scarring is not high. The objective was to determine ultrasound findings associated with renal scarring as seen in DMSA renal scan.Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of records of pediatric patients (30 boys/52 girls, mean age=6 years old) with UTI who were admitted to USTH. Imaging reports were retrieved and compared the ultrasound findings with reports of DMSA study.Results: There is a significantly higher proportion of children with sonographically enlarged kidney, diagnosed with renal scarring [P<0.001]. Similarly, there is a significantly higher severity of hydronephrosis in children diagnosed with renal scarring [Z=4.128, P=0.042]. There is however, no relationship exists between renal scarring and pelvocaliectasia (P=1.000) across different age groups.Conclusion: Our results indicate that ultrasound findings of enlarged kidneys and increasing severity of hydronephrosis are associated with a high incidence of renal scarring.